二手机械硬盘购买

自半年前购入 6 块盘，翻车了一块盘后，记录下买二手机械硬盘的经验。

参考资料¶

基础知识¶

看硬盘型号和 SN 码¶

通过型号来确认硬盘不同版本。虽然都是 HC520，不同的 OEM 型号有不同后缀。比如 HUH721212ALE601 和 HUH721212ALE600

SN 码唯一标识一块硬盘，用于质保。卖家发之前必须发一张包含 SN 码的图，收货要一致。

垂直盘与叠瓦盘¶

Zoned storage，与叠瓦（SMR）盘 Zoned storage 是一种新型的硬盘存储技术，它将硬盘分为多个区域，每个区域的写入方式不同，通过暴露更多的信息给 OS 使得针对性的优化得以进行，以提升硬盘的容量和性能。我们常说的「叠瓦盘」就是一种 zoned storage。叠瓦盘通过重叠磁道的方式（类似于屋顶上瓦片排列一般）来增加存储密度。其写入和固态硬盘的闪存有一些相似：需要先读取临近磁道的数据，然后擦除整个区块，再重写，会很大程度影响写入性能。因此叠瓦盘内部通常划分为多个写入区域，以减小写入性能的影响。但是你在市面上可以买到的叠瓦盘几乎都没有暴露 zoned storage 的接口给操作系统（这些盘也被称为 Device-Managed SMR），因此在系统写入时仍会将其视为普通硬盘。这导致了叠瓦盘的性能远不及传统的非重叠磁道的硬盘。硬盘厂商可能不会标注相关信息，因此在购买硬盘时需要特别注意。

垂直盘与叠瓦盘检查¶

通过磁头数和缓存大小推测¶

WD BLUE 4TB SMR or CMR? - WD External Drives / External Drives for PC - WD Community --- WD BLUE 4TB SMR 还是 CMR？- WD 外置硬盘 / PC 外置硬盘 - WD 社区混淆是基于一些互联网帖子，其中声称第二个 APOLLO 型号是 SMR，因为它的磁头更少（6），这意味着它的盘片也更少，因此它可能会使用 SMR（密度），但它也有 64mb 的缓存，这将使它成为 CMR，因为通常 SMR HDD 有更多的缓存，这是 WD 的 256mb。

常见磁盘列表¶

checklist: 3.5寸机械硬盘 SMR/PMR 自助查询_机械硬盘_什么值得买 (smzdm.com) 更详细的列表：[更新啦]机械硬盘叠瓦盘(SMR)速查表 [20220603更新各品牌官网最新数据表内容包括最近热门的新4T紫盘等][勉强赶得上618] 178

什么是清零盘¶

清零盘：机械硬盘黑色产业链揭秘——什么是清零盘和翻新盘？靠谱的机械硬盘那里去买？_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

一些硬盘的固件可以修改，因此可以修改 SMART 信息 - 最典型的是日立的一个型号。我咸鱼甚至遇到了日立翻新成希捷的盘（日立被西数收购了，希捷和西数是两个不同公司）

什么是翻新盘

从数据中心退役下来，将数据抹除，经过测试没有问题的盘，重新包装售卖

咸鱼上 0 通电非原包装 OEM 是怎么回事？ - 价格确实比普通二手贵， 550 -> 720，日期是最近 2 年的（二手一般4-5年），好像可信度还行？

返修盘

西数的返修硬盘会在盘体右上角侧面用激光刻上返修盘字样，务必关注是否存在该字样，务必关注盘体侧面该位置是否存在烧蚀、刻划痕迹或贴上标签进行遮挡，有相当一部分无良商家将该标记摧毁或覆盖后卖出

质保查询¶

希捷：质保和更换 | Support Seagate US 西数：西部数据产品质保范围 (wd.com)

OEM 盘

顺带提一嘴，如果你买的OEM盘，不管是店保还是海康还是其他OEM，去硬盘的官网都是提示：“请联系购买的商家”。希捷的OOS（不合格品）会提示“未经Seagate保证”，部分来路可疑的盘会提示“Warranty Information Not Available”，西数会提示"No Limited Warranty"

售卖 OEM 型号的代理商可能有自己的网站可以质保查询

经验¶

问问保修¶

就算店家介绍里没有写保修，也问一问。实测店家会给你保修

建议选择至少提供 3 个月保修的店，好一点的提供 1 年保修。ebay 上翻新盘提供 5 年就很离谱

在 Ebay 上看看¶

什么，外国买硬盘，比国内还便宜？

明确标明了是翻新盘，硬盘来源，使用时间（说数据中心中用了5年），并且他们还提供 5 年保修。

NOTE: These HDD is used by Datacenter Servers for about 5 years period.HDD was refurbished and data wiped with DoD Standard.It's fully tested & passed HGST factory diagnose software test with ZERO Bad sectors!Since this is a heavy duty enterprise HDD with 2.5M-hour MTBF rating.We are confidence that to honor another 5 Years Warranty from these hard drives!Buy with confidence & Worry Free!

变相知道了知道咸鱼上的货的来源（大船靠岸）

HGST Ultrastar DC HC520 12TB SATA 6Gb 256MB 3.5“ 企业级硬盘- HUH721212ALE601 |易趣 --- HGST Ultrastar DC HC520 12TB SATA 6Gb 256MB 3.5" Enterprise HDD- HUH721212ALE601 | eBay

comes with documentation as to its power requirements and even a bypass cable to prevent incompatibilities with different power delivery. (this drive doesn't work with 3.3v signal) Installed into an older HP tower. Had to set a longer BIOS timeout to allow drive to spin up as it does take a few extra seconds for this model otherwise it may not detect from a cold start.

这一批 ALE601 的货普遍在 28k-34k 的通电时间

测试¶

SMART 信息¶

示例输出

ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME   1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate   3 Spin_Up_Time   4 Start_Stop_Count   5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   7 Seek_Error_Rate   9 Power_On_Hours  10 Spin_Retry_Count  12 Power_Cycle_Count 183 Runtime_Bad_Block 184 End-to-End_Error 187 Reported_Uncorrect 188 Command_Timeout 189 High_Fly_Writes 190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 193 Load_Cycle_Count 194 Temperature_Celsius 197 Current_Pending_Sector 198 Offline_Uncorrectable 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 240 Head_Flying_Hours 241 Total_LBAs_Written 242 Total_LBAs_Read

href="#__codelineno-0-1">Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 0x000f 117 099 006 Pre-fail Always - 123237480 0x0003 092 092 000 Pre-fail Always - 0 0x0032 099 099 020 Old_age Always - 1856 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0 0x000f 087 060 030 Pre-fail Always - 658872500 0x0032 043 043 000 Old_age Always - 50720 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 913 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 0 0 0x003a 029 029 000 Old_age Always - 71 0x0022 065 043 045 Old_age Always In_the_past 35 (1 28 35 33 0) 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 201 0x0032 057 057 000 Old_age Always - 87281 0x0022 035 057 000 Old_age Always - 35 (128 0 0 0 0) 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 56 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 56 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 49516h+21m+18.505s 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 404773325173 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 52378779646

SMART 信息表格Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology - Wikipedia

总结

05, c5, c6 代表坏块，必须全为 0
09, 12 分别为通电时间和开关机次数。数据中心的盘：通电时间 27-34k 正常，开机次数几十次
- 还可以看看 192，表示非正常关机次数
- 个人二手盘，超过 4 万小时建议就不要买了。4 万小时价格就不能和 2 万小时价格接近。毕竟你买 2 万小时的二手盘，用两年，再以同样价格二手出掉也才 4 万小时。
有些盘，smart 提供了 241 和 242，可以查看读写的逻辑块数（逻辑块 512B），可以计算读写的数据量。
- 这里缺一个经验公式，年数和写入量关系。来建模数据中心正常使用的盘
- 我上面示例输出就是我一块坏盘的信息。写入是读取的 10 倍，写入了 200TB。
- 我买的 HC520，写入了 1PB！我怀疑是做监控了，开机次数 1520 次。

Pre-fail 与 Old_age¶

Attributes 分为两类，"Pre-fail" 代表其异常预示着硬盘会在不久的将来出现问题，"Old_age" 则表示硬盘随时间老化的指标。 Value 为 100（有些硬盘的起始值会更高）通常表示最佳指标，随着使用逐渐降低。Worst 则记录历史最差（最低）值，如果值低于阈值（Threshold），则代表硬盘出现了问题。

重要数据¶

05: 重新分配扇区计数，最好为0
- Count of reallocated sectors. The raw value represents a count of the bad sectors that have been found and remapped.[39] Thus, the higher the attribute value, the more sectors the drive has had to reallocate. This value is primarily used as a metric of the life expectancy of the drive; a drive which has had any reallocations at all is significantly more likely to fail in the immediate months.[36][40] If Raw value of 0x05 attribute is higher than its Threshold value, that will reported as "drive warning".[41]
0xC4/196: Reallocation Event Count
- Count of remap operations. The raw value of this attribute shows the total count of attempts to transfer data from reallocated sectors to a spare area. Both successful and unsuccessful attempts are counted.
0xC5/197: Current Pending Sector Count
- 总结：等待重映射扇区的数目。当遇到一个不可恢复的读取错误时，会把标记这个 sector 为 "unstable" 并进行重映射。实际不会立即重映射，因为当前 sector 的值是未知的，因此要等待下次读取成功时再重映射。而有些磁盘设计有缺陷，当读取成功时不进行映射，而是尝试写一次，如果写成功就标记这些 sector 为 good 的。这可能导致那些只有在 write 后失效一段时间的有问题的 sector 永远不会得到 remap。
- Count of "unstable" sectors (waiting to be remapped, because of unrecoverable read errors). If an unstable sector is subsequently read successfully, the sector is remapped and this value is decreased. Read errors on a sector will not remap the sector immediately (since the correct value cannot be read and so the value to remap is not known, and also it might become readable later); instead, the drive firmware remembers that the sector needs to be remapped, and will remap it the next time it has been successfully read.[76]
- However, some drives will not immediately remap such sectors when successfully read; instead the drive will first attempt to write to the problem sector, and if the write operation is successful the sector will then be marked as good (in this case, the "Reallocation Event Count" (0xC4) will not be increased). This is a serious shortcoming, for if such a drive contains marginal sectors that consistently fail only after some time has passed following a successful write operation, then the drive will never remap these problem sectors. If Raw value of 0xC5 attribute is higher than its Threshold value, that will reported as "drive warning".[77][78]
0xC6/198: Uncorrectable Sector Count
- 不可矫正的扇区数，The total count of uncorrectable errors when reading/writing a sector. A rise in the value of this attribute indicates defects of the disk surface and/or problems in the mechanical subsystem
0xC7/199：UltraDMA CRC Error Count
- 接口CRC错误计数，不增加即可。和使用的数据线、接口等因素有关
- The count of errors in data transfer via the interface cable as determined by ICRC (Interface Cyclic Redundancy Check).

氦气盘包含氦气含量值，不是满的就需要更换了

0x16/22: Current Helium Level
- Specific to He8 drives from HGST. This value measures the helium inside of the drive specific to this manufacturer. It is a pre-fail attribute that trips once the drive detects that the internal environment is out of specification

其它可以看看的

03: Spin-Up Time
- Average time of spindle spin up (from zero RPM to fully operational (ms))
04: Start/Stop Count
- 硬盘的启动和停止次数，开关机和从 sleep mode 恢复都会增加
09: Power-On Hours, 通电时长
- "By default, the total expected lifetime of a hard disk in perfect condition is defined as 5 years (running every day and night on all days). This is equal to 1825 days in 24/7 mode or 43800 hours."[43]
0x0A/10: Spin Retry Count
- Count of retry of spin start attempts. This attribute stores a total count of the spin start attempts to reach the fully operational speed (under the condition that the first attempt was unsuccessful). An increase of this attribute value is a sign of problems in the hard disk mechanical subsystem.
0x0C/12: Power Cycle Count, 通电次数
- This attribute indicates the count of full hard disk power on/off cycles.
0xBB/187: Reported Uncorrectable Errors
- The count of errors that could not be recovered using hardware ECC (see attribute 195)
192/0xC0: Power-off Retract Count, 不安全关机次数
- Emergency Retract Cycle Count (Fujitsu),[63] or Unsafe Shutdown Count
- Number of power-off or emergency retract cycles.

希捷 Read Error Rate 异常¶

希捷的硬盘这两项显示格式有问题

1: Raw_Read_Error_Rate
7: Seek_Error_Rate

大多数硬盘的每项smart信息都是48bit

12个nibble（半子节），也就是 12 位 16 进制数（12 digit hexadecimal number）
或者 6 个 8 bit

解决办法，使用如下命令查看（展示ID 1，的54两个字节（543210对应48位6个字节）

smartctl -a -v 1,raw48:54 /dev/sdX

data recovery - HDD SMART interpretation - Possible impending drive failure - Super User Are my S.M.A.R.T. reports bad? - General Support - Unraid

smartctl -v 指定输出格式¶

-v ID,FORMAT[:BYTEORDER][,NAME], --vendorattribute=ID,FORMAT...

FORMAT

raw8 - Print the Raw value as six 8-bit unsigned base-10 integers.
raw16 - Print the Raw value as three 16-bit unsigned base-10 integers.
raw48 - Print the Raw value as a 48-bit unsigned base-10 integer. This is the default for most attributes.
hex48 - Print the Raw value as a 12 digit hexadecimal number. This may be useful for decoding the meaning of the Raw value.

BYTEORDER

The characters '0' to '5' select the byte 0 to 5 from the 48-bit raw value, 'r' selects the reserved byte of the attribute data block, 'v' selects the normalized value, 'w' selects the worst value and 'z' inserts a zero byte. The default BYTEORDER is '543210' for all 48-bit formats, 'r543210' for the 54-bit formats, and '543210wv' for the 64-bit formats.

For example, -v 5,raw48:012345 prints the raw value of attribute 5 with big endian instead of little endian byte ordering.

HD tune¶

按照延迟对块进行分类

可以有绿色的块（30-40），但是绿色的的块不能连续的出现

速度曲线不能突然降为 0机械硬盘新盘验货小白攻略（修订） - 哔哩哔哩

全盘测试 Victoria¶

只有 windows

推荐阅读：如何买到靠谱的二手硬盘? - 昭华凋的回答 - 知乎 https://www.zhihu.com/question/388832400/answer/2569778108

如果全是三种灰基本上说明这块盘问题不大，出现绿、橙、红、蓝需要重点关注，严重程度逐次加重。绿色一般来说问题不大，稍微有点干扰都会出现，另外三种就比较严重，必须重新扫描。不过这次不用全盘扫描了，只需要扫描区块附近的空间，再次扫描出错位置，如果绿、橙、红、蓝依然出现，而且是同一位置，基本上就可以申请退货了。

linux 下测试¶

smartctl 进行 short, long 测试¶

使用 smartctl 进行 SMART 测试 - Thomas-Krenn-Wiki-cn --- SMART tests with smartctl - Thomas-Krenn-Wiki-en HDD Smart Tools for LINUX | Mike Polinowski

硬盘固件中有厂商自定义的测试程序，用于检测磁盘是否存在故障。可以使用 smartctrl 命令进行测试。

一般都有 short 和 long （或者叫 extended）两种命令，有的硬盘还有有专门测试硬盘运输中是否发生问题(Conveyance)的测试

Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        ( 331) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.

badblocks¶

功能：扫描所有的块，打印坏块编号。

可以输出到文件中，用于文件系统重映射坏块
- 这个软件是为软盘设计的，实际上现在的机械硬盘固件自动就会重映射坏块，因此现在没必要了

虽然没必要了，但是扫一遍，如果 C5, C6 增加了数字，说明盘确实有问题。

其它¶

声音¶

HC530开箱测试！以及简单的检测教程_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

氦气盘声音大？西数HC520 12T氦气盘原声实录_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

我实际买了后发现还行，没听出和普通 4T 硬盘有啥区别

可以考虑一下噪音，酷狼 16T 很吵，正常待机都是几秒钟咔哒一下。建议 4t 。https://v2ex.com/t/974654

缺陷?¶

有人说 hc520 存在设计缺陷：

就我买了二十多块硬盘的经验来说，16t的盘普遍没啥问题，12t，14t的盘可能会有各种设计缺陷（我记得几个硬盘厂商在这两个容量都有问题），还是推荐买16t的，不嫌声音大就550炒豆子，要安静一点就银河x18（只是相对安静）

这盘设计有问题，连续读写磁头会过热，需要停下来降温，表现出来就是读写曲线跟心电图一样，你这个曲线这么好看，我觉得应该是因为最近气温比较低。这盘温度确实很高，不吹风扇连续写入在50度上下

买了一块，看是否会翻车

供电，USB？¶

给 X86 软路由加银河 16T 硬盘，选择 sata 方案还是 USB3.0 方案？纠结 - V2EX

如果是 debian/pve 这类系统的话 usb3 长时间挂载会出现 uas io error ，试过禁用 uas 但过段时间又会出现其它问题变成只读，要定期重启才行，两台机器都遇到过，最后全换成 sata 稳得一批

SATA 扩展卡¶

我还有

PCIeX1 x1
PCIeX16 x4
PCIeX1 x1（和上面的共享带宽）

所以我可以买 PCIeX1 的扩展卡，也可以买 x4 带宽的阵列卡？

插了双显卡，空间够吗？

问题

有过热掉盘的问题
带宽问题，需要组 RAID，同时读取

价格

淘宝 pcie 3.0x1 转 4 的要卖 86。pcie2.0x1 Marvell 9125 也是这个价，图片中会标一个稳定二字
咸鱼 marvell 9125 只需要 30 元左右，
咸鱼有 30 的 asm1064 是半高，asm1066 需要 55

芯片: marvell, ASM

厂商

suu 优速
亮腾，蝶舞

答案：

鉴于是要选择pcie 1X规格的，接口限定上限速度，4口sata扩展最优选择应该是ASM1064，2口sata扩展最优选择应该是JMB582
ASM1166的话，限于接口速度，虽然看上去是接口能6个sata，不过发热，和速度，都达不到最优。
2口升级潜力有限，正常应该选择4口，也就是ASM1064芯片的。

其它讨论

|1068 2008 2308 3008 3408 等等等都要加风扇
不想加风扇的话直接买个ASM1166的也能用

买sas卡,2008,2308,3008都可以,比什么马牌ASMedia强多了

不在乎速度，而在乎稳定性的话就LSI 9211-8i（每一个接口可以接一条一拖四的线，2个接口可总共接8块硬盘。it独立模式，每一块硬盘都是独立的，我之前用的这个，很便宜才百多块。稳定性真的是比pcie转sata的强太多了，毕竟这是用在服务器上的，稳定性不好的早就被筛下来了，缺点是功率高，15W。你可以看到PCIE转sata的评论有掉盘现象的，但这HBA直通卡几乎没听说过。

如果不用背板，买ASM1166，次一步推荐JMB585，不要买88SE9235，太老太慢了。不要买M2转SATA的，M2卡太薄了，反复拔插SATA接口容易出问题

淘宝上几十块JMS585，记得给芯片上个小散热片就行，十分稳定，当初P盘老板推荐给我的

LSI 2308之类的直通卡，没有缓存的带宽也超过ASM1166吧？价钱都一样甚至还更便宜

淘宝 ssu那家买 as1106 还是66，看不清。
掉盘卡死。弄的硬盘全是C7.CRC好惨

笑死 33 + 5 买了一个 asm1064 的扩展卡，卖家给我发了一个转 8 口的扩展卡。搜了一下是：8 SATA Ports PCIE SATA Controller Card, 6 Gbps SATA 3.0 Controller, Comes with 8 SATA Data Cables, PCI Express Card Support 8 SATA 3.0 Devices, Support Windows, MAC, Linux: Amazon.de: Computer & Accessories

1-5 使用 JBM575, 6-8 使用 asm1064
amzon 显示是支持 pcie3.0 的

买硬盘趣事¶

日立清零盘贴希捷标（日立被西数收购了），好个NTR。不过和卖家聊感觉卖家又没有问题，甚至我说如果有质量问题我出运费退款卖家也不同意（因为卖家不会看smart，说要等去电脑店看了再卖）。如果要骗我我不是早就上钩了吗。可能卖家自己也是从哪收来的假盘。

看着描述很真实

但是一看盘，怎么又是日立！

欸，wd40ejrx-78_{~搜到两种外观的，好像真的有这种外观的}~。确实就是这个外观，另一个搜出来的是wd40purx-78

China WD Purple 4TB Surveillance Internal Hard Drive Disk 3.5″ HDD HD Harddisk for CCTV DVR NVR Manufacture and Factory | Tianfeng (skywindintl.com)

二手硬盘状态日志记录¶

追踪下二手硬盘的 smart 变化，之后坏了的时候，看下什么盘更容易坏

3T: 150¶

内蒙古发来的，包装也简易，泡沫用少了，到达时都烂了，到达时硬盘一个脚都可以从外面看到。

ST3000DM001-1CH166, date: 15274, 45736h, 836次, SN: Z1F5V8VG

update 2024/10/27:¶

出现坏块了，Current_Pending_Sector 和 Offline_Uncorrectable 都为 56

Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   117   099   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       123237480
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   092   092   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   099   099   020    Old_age   Always       -       1856
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   087   060   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       658872500
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   043   043   000    Old_age   Always       -       50720
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       913
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0 0 0
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   029   029   000    Old_age   Always       -       71
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   065   043   045    Old_age   Always   In_the_past 35 (1 28 35 33 0)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       201
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   057   057   000    Old_age   Always       -       87281
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   035   057   000    Old_age   Always       -       35 (128 0 0 0 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       56
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       56
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       49516h+21m+18.505s
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       404773325173
242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       52378779646

2x3T: 330¶

ST3000DM001-1ER166, DOM: 140CT2016, 10537h, 237次, SN: Z503Z1KS
ST3000DM001-1ER166, DOM: 140CT2016, 12438h, 238次, SN: Z503YWZM

record 2024/10/30

ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   118   099   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       188322528
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   095   094   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       356
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   082   060   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       4475272048
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   083   083   000    Old_age   Always       -       15521
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       276
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0 0 0
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   083   083   000    Old_age   Always       -       17
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   065   059   045    Old_age   Always       -       35 (Min/Max 32/35)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       196
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       2515
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   035   041   000    Old_age   Always       -       35 (0 2 0 0 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       11797h+06m+05.185s
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       116525979925
242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       3604316878770

ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   115   099   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       84250416
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   094   094   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       279
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   082   060   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       175222231
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   081   081   000    Old_age   Always       -       17422
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       277
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       0 0 2
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   045   045   000    Old_age   Always       -       55
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   065   055   045    Old_age   Always       -       35 (Min/Max 34/36)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       31
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   001   001   000    Old_age   Always       -       441001
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   035   045   000    Old_age   Always       -       35 (0 3 0 0 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       14975h+41m+35.201s
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       134141150911
242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       78011318500

2x3T: 326¶

ST3000DM008-2DM166, DOM: 09APR2018, 37764h, 5353次, Z505BZTC
ST3000DM008-2DM166, DOM: 09APR2018, 38368h, 7024次, Z505BZYA

record 2024/10/30

Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   108   099   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       20428872
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   094   093   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   095   095   020    Old_age   Always       -       5418
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   085   060   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       395736565
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   052   052   000    Old_age   Always       -       42856
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   098   098   020    Old_age   Always       -       2249
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0032   098   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       2
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       5 5 7
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   083   083   000    Old_age   Always       -       17
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   066   038   045    Old_age   Always   In_the_past 34 (9 62 35 33 0)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       234
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   001   001   000    Old_age   Always       -       271565
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   034   062   000    Old_age   Always       -       34 (0 5 0 0 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       26974h+14m+11.038s
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       119287401865
242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       2198955886258

ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   119   099   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       226804784
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   095   094   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   094   094   020    Old_age   Always       -       7093
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   086   060   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       421300751
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   051   051   000    Old_age   Always       -       43461
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   098   098   020    Old_age   Always       -       2394
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0032   096   096   000    Old_age   Always       -       4
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       10 10 12
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   092   092   000    Old_age   Always       -       8
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   065   043   045    Old_age   Always   In_the_past 35 (1 234 36 34 0)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       360
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   006   006   000    Old_age   Always       -       188607
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   035   057   000    Old_age   Always       -       35 (0 6 0 0 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       24028h+57m+24.890s
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       116273564141
242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       2387222301822

1x2T: 110¶

WDC WD20EJRX-89G3VY0, WD-WCC4M0KDNUE5, 2018-05-12
WDC WD20EJRX-89AKWY0, WD-WX12D415NAFF （自己 2021/09/09 jd 西部数据京东自营旗舰店 340 买的）

record 2024/10/30

ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   177   163   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       4141
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   094   094   000    Old_age   Always       -       6337
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   200   200   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   061   061   000    Old_age   Always       -       28613
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       1913
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       617
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   199   199   000    Old_age   Always       -       5796
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   112   079   000    Old_age   Always       -       35
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       10
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0008   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0

ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   201   200   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       2908
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       878
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   200   200   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   066   066   000    Old_age   Always       -       24840
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       591
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       141
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       738
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   114   095   000    Old_age   Always       -       33
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0008   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0

12 T HUH721212ALE601 SN: 8CG3VLKE¶

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000b   100   100   016    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  2 Throughput_Performance  0x0005   132   132   054    Pre-fail  Offline      -       96
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0007   253   253   024    Pre-fail  Always       -       244 (Average 264)
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1593
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   005    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000b   100   100   067    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  8 Seek_Time_Performance   0x0005   140   140   020    Pre-fail  Offline      -       15
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0012   097   097   000    Old_age   Always       -       27988
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   060    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1510
 22 Unknown_Attribute       0x0023   100   100   025    Pre-fail  Always       -       100
 45 Unknown_Attribute       0x0023   100   100   001    Pre-fail  Always       -       1095233372415
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       1984
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0012   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       1984
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0002   166   166   000    Old_age   Always       -       36 (Min/Max 12/57)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0022   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0008   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x000a   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
231 Temperature_Celsius     0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       2336937998966
242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       3023123194501

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     25523         -
# 2  Vendor (0x70)       Completed without error       00%     25464         -
# 3  Vendor (0x71)       Completed without error       00%     25464         -

root@ryzen-pve ➜  ~ fio --loops=3 --filename=/dev/sda1 --bs=1M --direct=1 --iodepth=32 --numjobs 1 --group_reporting --size=4g --runtime=60 --name SeqRead --rw=read --ioengine=libaio --readonly
SeqRead: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (W) 1024KiB-1024KiB, (T) 1024KiB-1024KiB, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=32
fio-3.33
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [R(1)][100.0%][r=235MiB/s][r=235 IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
SeqRead: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=65694: Sun Nov  3 00:18:28 2024
  read: IOPS=231, BW=231MiB/s (243MB/s)(12.0GiB/53094msec)
    slat (usec): min=9, max=84346, avg=2498.28, stdev=6588.19
    clat (msec): min=28, max=2272, avg=135.46, stdev=86.26
     lat (msec): min=28, max=2272, avg=137.95, stdev=86.36
    clat percentiles (msec):
     |  1.00th=[   77],  5.00th=[   87], 10.00th=[  113], 20.00th=[  118],
     | 30.00th=[  123], 40.00th=[  129], 50.00th=[  133], 60.00th=[  136],
     | 70.00th=[  138], 80.00th=[  142], 90.00th=[  153], 95.00th=[  161],
     | 99.00th=[  228], 99.50th=[  279], 99.90th=[ 2232], 99.95th=[ 2232],
     | 99.99th=[ 2265]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=153600, max=262144, per=99.92%, avg=236814.49, stdev=18559.05, samples=106
   iops        : min=  150, max=  256, avg=231.26, stdev=18.12, samples=106
  lat (msec)   : 50=0.08%, 100=7.91%, 250=91.28%, 500=0.43%, 2000=0.20%
  lat (msec)   : >=2000=0.11%
  cpu          : usr=0.06%, sys=0.57%, ctx=7105, majf=7, minf=8203
  IO depths    : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.2%, 16=0.4%, 32=99.2%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.1%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=12288,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=32

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
   READ: bw=231MiB/s (243MB/s), 231MiB/s-231MiB/s (243MB/s-243MB/s), io=12.0GiB (12.9GB), run=53094-53094msec

Disk stats (read/write):
  sda: ios=24101/165, merge=0/13, ticks=3163421/73767, in_queue=3238734, util=98.45%