git

高级¶

从一个节点产生多个分支，能否 rebase 新的 cm 到该节点？

reset 后恢复 reflog¶

git reflog

reset --soft, --mixed, --hard¶

version control - What's the difference between git reset --mixed, --soft, and --hard? - Stack Overflow

修改的不同阶段：

in working directory：
index / stagged：通过 git add
commited：进入版本控制，commited 的修改总能找回来。

- A - B - C (master)

--soft B：将 C 的修改恢复到 index 中 --mixed B：将 C 的修改恢复到 working directory 中 --hard B：index 被修改为 B，working directory 清空

git co 和 git reset --mixed 效果类似，都能保留当前 working directory，同时还能保留 git log。

tag¶

#显示所有tag
git tag
#显示具体tag信息
git show v1.2
#添加tag
git tag v1.2 9fceb02 -a
git tag v1.2 9fceb02 -a -m "my tag"
#删除tag
git tag -d v1.2
#推送tag到远程
git push origin --tags

小技巧¶

shallow clone¶

避免 clone 的仓库太大，将 git commit 记录截断。

git clone --depth 1 git://gcc.gnu.org/git/gcc.git

man git-clone Create a shallow clone with a history truncated to the specified number of commits. Implies --single-branch unless --no-single-branch is given to fetch the histories near the tips of all branches. If you want to clone submodules shallowly, also pass shallow-submodules.

代理¶

查看详细信息¶

GIT_TRACE=1
git --verbose <cmd>

http 和 https 设置代理¶

ssh 代理¶

windows¶

windows 下没有 nc 命令，需要 connect.exe（可以下载.c 文件编译成 exe 文件）

SSH in git behind proxy on windows 7 - Stack Overflow

Host github.com
  HostName github.com
  ...
  ProxyCommand connect -H 127.0.0.1:11223 %h %p

遇到的问题¶

unsafe directory¶

git - Fatal error "unsafe repository ('/home/repon' is owned by someone else)" - Stack Overflow

git version > Git 2.36

git config --global --add safe.directory '*'

curl 92 HTTP/2 stream 0 was not closed cleanly: CANCEL (err 8)¶

➜  repo git clone https://github.com/YaoFANGUK/video-subtitle-generator
Cloning into 'video-subtitle-generator'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 434, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (95/95), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (53/53), done.
error: RPC failed; curl 92 HTTP/2 stream 0 was not closed cleanly: CANCEL (err 8)
error: 503 bytes of body are still expected
fetch-pack: unexpected disconnect while reading sideband packet
fatal: early EOF
fatal: fetch-pack: invalid index-pack output

git - error: RPC failed; curl 92 HTTP/2 stream 0 was not closed cleanly: PROTOCOL_ERROR (err 1) - Stack Overflow

git config --global http.version HTTP/1.1

成功

➜  repo git clone https://github.com/YaoFANGUK/video-subtitle-generator
Cloning into 'video-subtitle-generator'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 434, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (95/95), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (53/53), done.
remote: Total 434 (delta 46), reused 87 (delta 42), pack-reused 339
Receiving objects: 100% (434/434), 5.92 GiB | 21.39 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (149/149), done.
Updating files: 100% (151/151), done.

貌似修改 buffer 也可以：GIT 推送错误 error: RPC failed；curl 92 HTTP/2 stream 0 was not closed cleanly: CANCEL (err 8) - 郭小睿 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)

git config --global http.postBuffer 524288000

patch 补丁¶

Git 打补丁-- patch 和 diff 的使用（详细） - 掘金 (juejin.cn)

Git 提供了两种补丁方案，一是用 git diff 生成的 UNIX 标准补丁.diff 文件，二是 git format-patch 生成的 Git 专用.patch 文件。 .diff 文件只是记录文件改变的内容，不带有 commit 记录信息，多个 commit 可以合并成一个 diff 文件。 .patch 文件带有记录文件改变的内容，也带有 commit 记录信息，每个 commit 对应一个 patch 文件。

git format-patch HEAD^  # 最新的一次 commit（上一次到现在的 commit）
git format-patch 【commit sha1 id】..【commit sha1 id】 # 某两次提交之间的所有patch

-o: If -o is specified, output files are created in dir. Otherwise they are created in the current working directory
-n: -n, --numbered Name output in [PATCH n/m] format, even with a single patch.

git am 【path/to/xxx.patch】

git diff 相关

git diff 【commit sha1 id】 【commit sha1 id】 > 【diff文件名】
git diff --no-index file1 file2 # 非git repo下，生成两个文件diff

git apply [--check] 【path/to/xxx.patch
git apply --check 【path/to/xxx.diff】

format-patch¶

Git - git-format-patch Documentation (git-scm.com)

Prepare each non-merge commit with its "patch" in one "message" per commit, formatted to resemble a UNIX mailbox. The output of this command is convenient for e-mail submission or for use with git am.

git diff [<options>] --no-index [--] <path> <path>

This form is to compare the given two paths on the filesystem. You can omit the --no-index option when running the command in a working tree controlled by Git and at least one of the paths points outside the working tree, or when running the command outside a working tree controlled by Git.

submodule¶

可以本地添加 submodule

git submodule add ./third-party/nvbit_release third-party/nvbit_release

添加 submodule 后会生成.gitmodules文件

[submodule "third-party/gpu-rodinia"]
        path = third-party/gpu-rodinia
        url = ./third-party/gpu-rodinia
[submodule "third-party/nvbit_release"]
        path = third-party/nvbit_release
        url = ./third-party/nvbit_release
[submodule "third-party/cuda-samples"]
        path = third-party/cuda-samples
        url = ./third-party/cuda-samples
[submodule "third-party/gpu-parboil"]
        path = third-party/gpu-parboil
        url = ./third-party/gpu-parboil

clone submodule¶

clone 时默认是不会 clone 子模块的，需要添加 recursive。-j8 表示使用多线程下载。

git clone --recursive -j8 gpu-analysis-model gpu-analysis-model-70

会从.gitmodules中指定的 url 中 clone 仓库，然后 checkout 到对应 commit。如果是本地 commit，没有推送到远程，则会因为没有对应 commit 而报错。解决方法是改用本地仓库作为 url。

file not allowed 问题¶

Submodule 'third-party/cuda-samples' (/staff/fyyuan/repo/gpu-analysis-model/third-party/cuda-samples) registered for path 'third-party/cuda-samples'

Cloning into '/staff/fyyuan/repo/gpu-analysis-model-70/third-party/cuda-samples'...
fatal: transport 'file' not allowed

解决方法

git config --global protocol.file.allow always